A newly published case-control study conducted at Ghent University in Belgium has shed new light on the association of cognitive and motor deficits experienced by individuals with bilateral vestibulopathy (BV), a condition resulting from the reduction or absence of balance (vestibular) function of both ears.
The study aimed to investigate the association between BV, hearing loss, and cognitive-motor performance, shedding light on the complex relationship between vestibular dysfunction and various cognitive domains.
Bilateral Vestibulopathy and Cognitive Function
Traditionally, BV has been associated with specific symptoms, but recent literature suggests that it encompasses a broader range of challenges, including cognitive impairment. To explore this further, the researchers conducted a prospective study involving 41 participants diagnosed with BV. The cohort was divided into two groups: individuals with isolated BV and those with BV accompanied by hearing loss.
Their performance was compared to a control group of 28 healthy individuals.
The study employed the 2BALANCE dual-task protocol, which encompassed visual cognitive tasks alongside static and dynamic motor tasks. The cognitive tasks assessed mental rotation, visuospatial memory, working memory, response inhibition (executive function), and processing speed. The participants completed these tasks both in single-task conditions and in dual-task conditions, combining cognitive activities with static and dynamic motor tasks.
The findings unveiled significant cognitive impairments in individuals with isolated BV across multiple cognitive domains during single-task conditions. Remarkably, individuals with BV and hearing loss demonstrated even more pronounced impairments in single-task conditions, which were only evident in the isolated BV group during dual-task conditions.
The results of the study potentially support two theories regarding the impact of BV on cognitive function.
- The deprivation theory suggests that the lack of vestibular input may contribute to accelerated brain atrophy in regions crucial for different cognitive processes.
- The attentional capacity theory posits that vestibular dysfunction leads to increased cognitive-motor interference.
These findings have critical implications for clinical practice, highlighting the need to consider cognitive impairments when managing individuals with BV. By recognizing the association between vestibular function and cognitive-motor performance, healthcare professionals can develop tailored interventions to address the specific cognitive deficits associated with vestibular dysfunction.
Moreover, this study emphasizes the importance of future research to delve deeper into the intricate relationship between the vestibular system, cognitive function, and motor performance. Further exploration of these connections could pave the way for innovative strategies aimed at enhancing the quality of life for individuals affected by vestibulopathy.
By understanding the underlying mechanisms of the observed impairments, researchers may also identify potential targets for cognitive rehabilitation in BV patients.
Reference:
- Danneels MVan Hecke RLeyssens L, et al. Association of Bilateral Vestibulopathy With and Without Hearing Loss With Cognitive-Motor Interference. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. Published online June 15, 2023. doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2023.1275
